# $Id: dbexts.py 2347 2003-09-30 20:05:59Z bzimmer $
"""
This script provides platform independence by wrapping Python
Database API 2.0 compatible drivers to allow seamless database
usage across implementations.
In order to use the C version, you need mxODBC and mxDateTime.
In order to use the Java version, you need zxJDBC.
>>> import dbexts
>>> d = dbexts.dbexts() # use the default db
>>> d.isql('select count(*) count from player')
count
-------
13569.0
1 row affected
>>> r = d.raw('select count(*) count from player')
>>> r
([('count', 3, 17, None, 15, 0, 1)], [(13569.0,)])
>>>
The configuration file follows the following format in a file name dbexts.ini:
[default]
name=mysql
[jdbc]
name=mysql
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/ziclix
user=
pwd=
driver=org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
datahandler=com.ziclix.python.sql.handler.MySQLDataHandler
[jdbc]
name=pg
url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/ziclix
user=bzimmer
pwd=
driver=org.postgresql.Driver
datahandler=com.ziclix.python.sql.handler.PostgresqlDataHandler
"""
import os, re
from types import StringType
__author__ = "brian zimmer (bzimmer@ziclix.com)"
__version__ = "$Revision: 2347 $"[11:-2]
__OS__ = os.name
choose = lambda bool, a, b: (bool and [a] or [b])[0]
def console(rows, headers=()):
"""Format the results into a list of strings (one for each row):
<header>
<headersep>
<row1>
<row2>
...
headers may be given as list of strings.
Columns are separated by colsep; the header is separated from
the result set by a line of headersep characters.
The function calls stringify to format the value data into a string.
It defaults to calling str() and striping leading and trailing whitespace.
- copied and modified from mxODBC
"""
# Check row entry lengths
output = []
headers = map(lambda header: header.upper(), list(map(lambda x: x or "", headers)))
collen = map(len,headers)
output.append(headers)
if rows and len(rows) > 0:
for row in rows:
row = map(lambda x: str(x), row)
for i in range(len(row)):
entry = row[i]
if collen[i] < len(entry):
collen[i] = len(entry)
output.append(row)
if len(output) == 1:
affected = "0 rows affected"
elif len(output) == 2:
affected = "1 row affected"
else:
affected = "%d rows affected" % (len(output) - 1)
# Format output
for i in range(len(output)):
row = output[i]
l = []
for j in range(len(row)):
l.append('%-*s' % (collen[j],row[j]))
output[i] = " | ".join(l)
# Insert header separator
totallen = len(output[0])
output[1:1] = ["-"*(totallen/len("-"))]
output.append("\n" + affected)
return output
def html(rows, headers=()):
output = []
output.append('<table class="results">')
output.append('<tr class="headers">')
headers = map(lambda x: '<td class="header">%s</td>' % (x.upper()), list(headers))
map(output.append, headers)
output.append('</tr>')
if rows and len(rows) > 0:
for row in rows:
output.append('<tr class="row">')
row = map(lambda x: '<td class="value">%s</td>' % (x), row)
map(output.append, row)
output.append('</tr>')
output.append('</table>')
return output
comments = lambda x: re.compile("{.*?}", re.S).sub("", x, 0)
class mxODBCProxy:
"""Wraps mxODBC to provide proxy support for zxJDBC's additional parameters."""
def __init__(self, c):
self.c = c
def __getattr__(self, name):
if name == "execute":
return self.execute
elif name == "gettypeinfo":
return self.gettypeinfo
else:
return getattr(self.c, name)
def execute(self, sql, params=None, bindings=None, maxrows=None):
if params:
self.c.execute(sql, params)
else:
self.c.execute(sql)
def gettypeinfo(self, typeid=None):
if typeid:
self.c.gettypeinfo(typeid)
class executor:
"""Handles the insertion of values given dynamic data."""
def __init__(self, table, cols):
self.cols = cols
self.table = table
if self.cols:
self.sql = "insert into %s (%s) values (%s)" % (table, ",".join(self.cols), ",".join(("?",) * len(self.cols)))
else:
self.sql = "insert into %s values (%%s)" % (table)
def execute(self, db, rows, bindings):
assert rows and len(rows) > 0, "must have at least one row"
if self.cols:
sql = self.sql
else:
sql = self.sql % (",".join(("?",) * len(rows[0])))
db.raw(sql, rows, bindings)
def connect(dbname):
return dbexts(dbname)
def lookup(dbname):
return dbexts(jndiname=dbname)
class dbexts:
def __init__(self, dbname=None, cfg=None, formatter=console, autocommit=0, jndiname=None, out=None):
self.verbose = 1
self.results = []
self.headers = []
self.autocommit = autocommit
self.formatter = formatter
self.out = out
self.lastrowid = None
self.updatecount = None
if not jndiname:
if cfg == None:
fn = os.path.join(os.path.split(__file__)[0], "dbexts.ini")
if not os.path.exists(fn):
fn = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], ".dbexts")
self.dbs = IniParser(fn)
elif isinstance(cfg, IniParser):
self.dbs = cfg
else:
self.dbs = IniParser(cfg)
if dbname == None: dbname = self.dbs[("default", "name")]
if __OS__ == 'java':
from com.ziclix.python.sql import zxJDBC
database = zxJDBC
if not jndiname:
t = self.dbs[("jdbc", dbname)]
self.dburl, dbuser, dbpwd, jdbcdriver = t['url'], t['user'], t['pwd'], t['driver']
if t.has_key('datahandler'):
self.datahandler = []
for dh in t['datahandler'].split(','):
classname = dh.split(".")[-1]
datahandlerclass = __import__(dh, globals(), locals(), classname)
self.datahandler.append(datahandlerclass)
keys = [x for x in t.keys() if x not in ['url', 'user', 'pwd', 'driver', 'datahandler', 'name']]
props = {}
for a in keys:
props[a] = t[a]
self.db = apply(database.connect, (self.dburl, dbuser, dbpwd, jdbcdriver), props)
else:
self.db = database.lookup(jndiname)
self.db.autocommit = self.autocommit
elif __OS__ == 'nt':
for modname in ["mx.ODBC.Windows", "ODBC.Windows"]:
try:
database = __import__(modname, globals(), locals(), "Windows")
break
except:
continue
else:
raise ImportError("unable to find appropriate mxODBC module")
t = self.dbs[("odbc", dbname)]
self.dburl, dbuser, dbpwd = t['url'], t['user'], t['pwd']
self.db = database.Connect(self.dburl, dbuser, dbpwd, clear_auto_commit=1)
self.dbname = dbname
for a in database.sqltype.keys():
setattr(self, database.sqltype[a], a)
for a in dir(database):
try:
p = getattr(database, a)
if issubclass(p, Exception):
setattr(self, a, p)
except:
continue
del database
def __str__(self):
return self.dburl
def __repr__(self):
return self.dburl
def __getattr__(self, name):
if "cfg" == name:
return self.dbs.cfg
raise AttributeError("'dbexts' object has no attribute '%s'" % (name))
def close(self):
""" close the connection to the database """
self.db.close()
def begin(self, style=None):
""" reset ivars and return a new cursor, possibly binding an auxiliary datahandler """
self.headers, self.results = [], []
if style:
c = self.db.cursor(style)
else:
c = self.db.cursor()
if __OS__ == 'java':
if hasattr(self, 'datahandler'):
for dh in self.datahandler:
c.datahandler = dh(c.datahandler)
else:
c = mxODBCProxy(c)
return c
def commit(self, cursor=None, close=1):
""" commit the cursor and create the result set """
if cursor and cursor.description:
self.headers = cursor.description
self.results = cursor.fetchall()
if hasattr(cursor, "nextset"):
s = cursor.nextset()
while s:
self.results += cursor.fetchall()
s = cursor.nextset()
if hasattr(cursor, "lastrowid"):
self.lastrowid = cursor.lastrowid
if hasattr(cursor, "updatecount"):
self.updatecount = cursor.updatecount
if not self.autocommit or cursor is None:
if not self.db.autocommit:
self.db.commit()
if cursor and close: cursor.close()
def rollback(self):
""" rollback the cursor """
self.db.rollback()
def prepare(self, sql):
""" prepare the sql statement """
cur = self.begin()
try:
return cur.prepare(sql)
finally:
self.commit(cur)
def display(self):
""" using the formatter, display the results """
if self.formatter and self.verbose > 0:
res = self.results
if res:
print >> self.out, ""
for a in self.formatter(res, map(lambda x: x[0], self.headers)):
print >> self.out, a
print >> self.out, ""
def __execute__(self, sql, params=None, bindings=None, maxrows=None):
""" the primary execution method """
cur = self.begin()
try:
if bindings:
cur.execute(sql, params, bindings, maxrows=maxrows)
elif params:
cur.execute(sql, params, maxrows=maxrows)
else:
cur.execute(sql, maxrows=maxrows)
finally:
self.commit(cur, close=isinstance(sql, StringType))
def isql(self, sql, params=None, bindings=None, maxrows=None):
""" execute and display the sql """
self.raw(sql, params, bindings, maxrows=maxrows)
self.display()
def raw(self, sql, params=None, bindings=None, delim=None, comments=comments, maxrows=None):
""" execute the sql and return a tuple of (headers, results) """
if delim:
headers = []
results = []
if type(sql) == type(StringType):
if comments: sql = comments(sql)
statements = filter(lambda x: len(x) > 0,
map(lambda statement: statement.strip(), sql.split(delim)))
else:
statements = [sql]
for a in statements:
self.__execute__(a, params, bindings, maxrows=maxrows)
headers.append(self.headers)
results.append(self.results)
self.headers = headers
self.results = results
else:
self.__execute__(sql, params, bindings, maxrows=maxrows)
return (self.headers, self.results)
def callproc(self, procname, params=None, bindings=None, maxrows=None):
""" execute a stored procedure """
cur = self.begin()
try:
cur.callproc(procname, params=params, bindings=bindings, maxrows=maxrows)
finally:
self.commit(cur)
self.display()
def pk(self, table, owner=None, schema=None):
""" display the table's primary keys """
cur = self.begin()
cur.primarykeys(schema, owner, table)
self.commit(cur)
self.display()
def fk(self, primary_table=None, foreign_table=None, owner=None, schema=None):
""" display the table's foreign keys """
cur = self.begin()
if primary_table and foreign_table:
cur.foreignkeys(schema, owner, primary_table, schema, owner, foreign_table)
elif primary_table:
cur.foreignkeys(schema, owner, primary_table, schema, owner, None)
elif foreign_table:
cur.foreignkeys(schema, owner, None, schema, owner, foreign_table)
self.commit(cur)
self.display()
def table(self, table=None, types=("TABLE",), owner=None, schema=None):
"""If no table argument, displays a list of all tables. If a table argument,
displays the columns of the given table."""
cur = self.begin()
if table:
cur.columns(schema, owner, table, None)
else:
cur.tables(schema, owner, None, types)
self.commit(cur)
self.display()
def proc(self, proc=None, owner=None, schema=None):
"""If no proc argument, displays a list of all procedures. If a proc argument,
displays the parameters of the given procedure."""
cur = self.begin()
if proc:
cur.procedurecolumns(schema, owner, proc, None)
else:
cur.procedures(schema, owner, None)
self.commit(cur)
self.display()
def stat(self, table, qualifier=None, owner=None, unique=0, accuracy=0):
""" display the table's indicies """
cur = self.begin()
cur.statistics(qualifier, owner, table, unique, accuracy)
self.commit(cur)
self.display()
def typeinfo(self, sqltype=None):
""" display the types available for the database """
cur = self.begin()
cur.gettypeinfo(sqltype)
self.commit(cur)
self.display()
def tabletypeinfo(self):
""" display the table types available for the database """
cur = self.begin()
cur.gettabletypeinfo()
self.commit(cur)
self.display()
def schema(self, table, full=0, sort=1, owner=None):
"""Displays a Schema object for the table. If full is true, then generates
references to the table in addition to the standard fields. If sort is true,
sort all the items in the schema, else leave them in db dependent order."""
print >> self.out, str(Schema(self, table, owner, full, sort))
def bulkcopy(self, dst, table, include=[], exclude=[], autobatch=0, executor=executor):
"""Returns a Bulkcopy object using the given table."""
if type(dst) == type(""):
dst = dbexts(dst, cfg=self.dbs)
bcp = Bulkcopy(dst, table, include=include, exclude=exclude, autobatch=autobatch, executor=executor)
return bcp
def bcp(self, src, table, where='(1=1)', params=[], include=[], exclude=[], autobatch=0, executor=executor):
"""Bulkcopy of rows from a src database to the current database for a given table and where clause."""
if type(src) == type(""):
src = dbexts(src, cfg=self.dbs)
bcp = self.bulkcopy(self, table, include, exclude, autobatch, executor)
num = bcp.transfer(src, where, params)
return num
def unload(self, filename, sql, delimiter=",", includeheaders=1):
""" Unloads the delimited results of the query to the file specified, optionally including headers. """
u = Unload(self, filename, delimiter, includeheaders)
u.unload(sql)
class Bulkcopy:
"""The idea for a bcp class came from http://object-craft.com.au/projects/sybase"""
def __init__(self, dst, table, include=[], exclude=[], autobatch=0, executor=executor):
self.dst = dst
self.table = table
self.total = 0
self.rows = []
self.autobatch = autobatch
self.bindings = {}
include = map(lambda x: x.lower(), include)
exclude = map(lambda x: x.lower(), exclude)
_verbose = self.dst.verbose
self.dst.verbose = 0
try:
self.dst.table(self.table)
if self.dst.results:
colmap = {}
for a in self.dst.results:
colmap[a[3].lower()] = a[4]
cols = self.__filter__(colmap.keys(), include, exclude)
for a in zip(range(len(cols)), cols):
self.bindings[a[0]] = colmap[a[1]]
colmap = None
else:
cols = self.__filter__(include, include, exclude)
finally:
self.dst.verbose = _verbose
self.executor = executor(table, cols)
def __str__(self):
return "[%s].[%s]" % (self.dst, self.table)
def __repr__(self):
return "[%s].[%s]" % (self.dst, self.table)
def __getattr__(self, name):
if name == 'columns':
return self.executor.cols
def __filter__(self, values, include, exclude):
cols = map(lambda col: col.lower(), values)
if exclude:
cols = filter(lambda x, ex=exclude: x not in ex, cols)
if include:
cols = filter(lambda x, inc=include: x in inc, cols)
return cols
def format(self, column, type):
self.bindings[column] = type
def done(self):
if len(self.rows) > 0:
return self.batch()
return 0
def batch(self):
self.executor.execute(self.dst, self.rows, self.bindings)
cnt = len(self.rows)
self.total += cnt
self.rows = []
return cnt
def rowxfer(self, line):
self.rows.append(line)
if self.autobatch: self.batch()
def transfer(self, src, where="(1=1)", params=[]):
sql = "select %s from %s where %s" % (", ".join(self.columns), self.table, where)
h, d = src.raw(sql, params)
if d:
map(self.rowxfer, d)
return self.done()
return 0
class Unload:
"""Unloads a sql statement to a file with optional formatting of each value."""
def __init__(self, db, filename, delimiter=",", includeheaders=1):
self.db = db
self.filename = filename
self.delimiter = delimiter
self.includeheaders = includeheaders
self.formatters = {}
def format(self, o):
if not o:
return ""
o = str(o)
if o.find(",") != -1:
o = "\"\"%s\"\"" % (o)
return o
def unload(self, sql, mode="w"):
headers, results = self.db.raw(sql)
w = open(self.filename, mode)
if self.includeheaders:
w.write("%s\n" % (self.delimiter.join(map(lambda x: x[0], headers))))
if results:
for a in results:
w.write("%s\n" % (self.delimiter.join(map(self.format, a))))
w.flush()
w.close()
class Schema:
"""Produces a Schema object which represents the database schema for a table"""
def __init__(self, db, table, owner=None, full=0, sort=1):
self.db = db
self.table = table
self.owner = owner
self.full = full
self.sort = sort
_verbose = self.db.verbose
self.db.verbose = 0
try:
if table: self.computeschema()
finally:
self.db.verbose = _verbose
def computeschema(self):
self.db.table(self.table, owner=self.owner)
self.columns = []
# (column name, type_name, size, nullable)
if self.db.results:
self.columns = map(lambda x: (x[3], x[5], x[6], x[10]), self.db.results)
if self.sort: self.columns.sort(lambda x, y: cmp(x[0], y[0]))
self.db.fk(None, self.table)
# (pk table name, pk column name, fk column name, fk name, pk name)
self.imported = []
if self.db.results:
self.imported = map(lambda x: (x[2], x[3], x[7], x[11], x[12]), self.db.results)
if self.sort: self.imported.sort(lambda x, y: cmp(x[2], y[2]))
self.exported = []
if self.full:
self.db.fk(self.table, None)
# (pk column name, fk table name, fk column name, fk name, pk name)
if self.db.results:
self.exported = map(lambda x: (x[3], x[6], x[7], x[11], x[12]), self.db.results)
if self.sort: self.exported.sort(lambda x, y: cmp(x[1], y[1]))
self.db.pk(self.table)
self.primarykeys = []
if self.db.results:
# (column name, key_seq, pk name)
self.primarykeys = map(lambda x: (x[3], x[4], x[5]), self.db.results)
if self.sort: self.primarykeys.sort(lambda x, y: cmp(x[1], y[1]))
try:
self.indices = None
self.db.stat(self.table)
self.indices = []
# (non-unique, name, type, pos, column name, asc)
if self.db.results:
idxdict = {}
# mxODBC returns a row of None's, so filter it out
idx = map(lambda x: (x[3], x[5].strip(), x[6], x[7], x[8]), filter(lambda x: x[5], self.db.results))
def cckmp(x, y):
c = cmp(x[1], y[1])
if c == 0: c = cmp(x[3], y[3])
return c
# sort this regardless, this gets the indicies lined up
idx.sort(cckmp)
for a in idx:
if not idxdict.has_key(a[1]):
idxdict[a[1]] = []
idxdict[a[1]].append(a)
self.indices = idxdict.values()
if self.sort: self.indices.sort(lambda x, y: cmp(x[0][1], y[0][1]))
except:
pass
def __str__(self):
d = []
d.append("Table")
d.append(" " + self.table)
d.append("\nPrimary Keys")
for a in self.primarykeys:
d.append(" %s {%s}" % (a[0], a[2]))
d.append("\nImported (Foreign) Keys")
for a in self.imported:
d.append(" %s (%s.%s) {%s}" % (a[2], a[0], a[1], a[3]))
if self.full:
d.append("\nExported (Referenced) Keys")
for a in self.exported:
d.append(" %s (%s.%s) {%s}" % (a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3]))
d.append("\nColumns")
for a in self.columns:
nullable = choose(a[3], "nullable", "non-nullable")
d.append(" %-20s %s(%s), %s" % (a[0], a[1], a[2], nullable))
d.append("\nIndices")
if self.indices is None:
d.append(" (failed)")
else:
for a in self.indices:
unique = choose(a[0][0], "non-unique", "unique")
cname = ", ".join(map(lambda x: x[4], a))
d.append(" %s index {%s} on (%s)" % (unique, a[0][1], cname))
return "\n".join(d)
class IniParser:
def __init__(self, cfg, key='name'):
self.key = key
self.records = {}
self.ctypeRE = re.compile("\[(jdbc|odbc|default)\]")
self.entryRE = re.compile("([a-zA-Z]+)[ \t]*=[ \t]*(.*)")
self.cfg = cfg
self.parse()
def parse(self):
fp = open(self.cfg, "r")
data = fp.readlines()
fp.close()
lines = filter(lambda x: len(x) > 0 and x[0] not in ['#', ';'], map(lambda x: x.strip(), data))
current = None
for i in range(len(lines)):
line = lines[i]
g = self.ctypeRE.match(line)
if g: # a section header
current = {}
if not self.records.has_key(g.group(1)):
self.records[g.group(1)] = []
self.records[g.group(1)].append(current)
else:
g = self.entryRE.match(line)
if g:
current[g.group(1)] = g.group(2)
def __getitem__(self, (ctype, skey)):
if skey == self.key: return self.records[ctype][0][skey]
t = filter(lambda x, p=self.key, s=skey: x[p] == s, self.records[ctype])
if not t or len(t) > 1:
raise KeyError, "invalid key ('%s', '%s')" % (ctype, skey)
return t[0]
def random_table_name(prefix, num_chars):
import random
d = [prefix, '_']
i = 0
while i < num_chars:
d.append(chr(int(100 * random.random()) % 26 + ord('A')))
i += 1
return "".join(d)
class ResultSetRow:
def __init__(self, rs, row):
self.row = row
self.rs = rs
def __getitem__(self, i):
if type(i) == type(""):
i = self.rs.index(i)
return self.row[i]
def __getslice__(self, i, j):
if type(i) == type(""): i = self.rs.index(i)
if type(j) == type(""): j = self.rs.index(j)
return self.row[i:j]
def __len__(self):
return len(self.row)
def __repr__(self):
return str(self.row)
class ResultSet:
def __init__(self, headers, results=[]):
self.headers = map(lambda x: x.upper(), headers)
self.results = results
def index(self, i):
return self.headers.index(i.upper())
def __getitem__(self, i):
return ResultSetRow(self, self.results[i])
def __getslice__(self, i, j):
return map(lambda x, rs=self: ResultSetRow(rs, x), self.results[i:j])
def __repr__(self):
return "<%s instance {cols [%d], rows [%d]} at %s>" % (self.__class__, len(self.headers), len(self.results), id(self))