/*
 * $RCSfile: FileCacheSeekableStream.java,v $
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Use is subject to license terms.
 *
 * $Revision: 1.1 $
 * $Date: 2005/02/11 04:55:29 $
 * $State: Exp $
 */
package com.sun.media.jai.codec;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;

/**
 * A subclass of <code>SeekableStream</code> that may be used to wrap
 * a regular <code>InputStream</code>.  Seeking backwards is supported
 * by means of a file cache.  In circumstances that do not allow the
 * creation of a temporary file (for example, due to security
 * consideration or the absence of local disk), the
 * <code>MemoryCacheSeekableStream</code> class may be used instead.
 *
 * <p> The <code>mark()</code> and <code>reset()</code> methods are
 * supported.
 *
 * <p><b> This class is not a committed part of the JAI API.  It may
 * be removed or changed in future releases of JAI.</b>
 */
public final class FileCacheSeekableStream extends SeekableStream {

    /** A thread to clean up all temporary files on VM exit (VM 1.3+) */
    private static TempFileCleanupThread cleanupThread = null;

    /** The source stream. */
    private InputStream stream;

    /** The cache File. */
    private File cacheFile;

    /** The cache as a RandomAcessFile. */
    private RandomAccessFile cache;

    /** The length of the read buffer. */
    private int bufLen = 1024;

    /** The read buffer. */
    private byte[] buf = new byte[bufLen];

    /** Number of bytes in the cache. */
    private long length = 0;

    /** Next byte to be read. */
    private long pointer = 0;

    /** True if we've encountered the end of the source stream. */
    private boolean foundEOF = false;

    // Create the cleanup thread. Use reflection to preserve compile-time
    // compatibility with JDK 1.2.
    static {
        try {
            Method shutdownMethod = Runtime.class.getDeclaredMethod(
                    "addShutdownHook", new Class[] { Thread.class });

            cleanupThread = new TempFileCleanupThread();

            shutdownMethod.invoke(Runtime.getRuntime(),
                    new Object[] { cleanupThread });
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Reset the Thread to null if Method.invoke failed.
            cleanupThread = null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a <code>MemoryCacheSeekableStream</code> that takes
     * its source data from a regular <code>InputStream</code>.
     * Seeking backwards is supported by means of an file cache.
     *
     * <p> An <code>IOException</code> will be thrown if the
     * attempt to create the cache file fails for any reason.
     */
    public FileCacheSeekableStream(InputStream stream)
            throws IOException {
        this .stream = stream;
        this .cacheFile = File.createTempFile("jai-FCSS-", ".tmp");
        cacheFile.deleteOnExit();
        this .cache = new RandomAccessFile(cacheFile, "rw");

        // Add cache file to cleanup thread for deletion at VM shutdown.
        if (cleanupThread != null) {
            cleanupThread.addFile(this .cacheFile);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Ensures that at least <code>pos</code> bytes are cached,
     * or the end of the source is reached.  The return value
     * is equal to the smaller of <code>pos</code> and the
     * length of the source file.
     */
    private long readUntil(long pos) throws IOException {
        // We've already got enough data cached
        if (pos < length) {
            return pos;
        }
        // pos >= length but length isn't getting any bigger, so return it
        if (foundEOF) {
            return length;
        }

        long len = pos - length;
        cache.seek(length);
        while (len > 0) {
            // Copy a buffer's worth of data from the source to the cache
            // bufLen will always fit into an int so this is safe
            int nbytes = stream.read(buf, 0, (int) Math.min(len,
                    (long) bufLen));
            if (nbytes == -1) {
                foundEOF = true;
                return length;
            }

            cache.setLength(cache.length() + nbytes);
            cache.write(buf, 0, nbytes);
            len -= nbytes;
            length += nbytes;
        }

        return pos;
    }

    /**
     * Returns <code>true</code> since all
     * <code>FileCacheSeekableStream</code> instances support seeking
     * backwards.
     */
    public boolean canSeekBackwards() {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current offset in this file. 
     *
     * @return     the offset from the beginning of the file, in bytes,
     *             at which the next read occurs.
     */
    public long getFilePointer() {
        return pointer;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the file-pointer offset, measured from the beginning of this 
     * file, at which the next read occurs.
     *
     * @param      pos   the offset position, measured in bytes from the 
     *                   beginning of the file, at which to set the file 
     *                   pointer.
     * @exception  IOException  if <code>pos</code> is less than 
     *                          <code>0</code> or if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public void seek(long pos) throws IOException {
        if (pos < 0) {
            throw new IOException(JaiI18N
                    .getString("FileCacheSeekableStream0"));
        }
        pointer = pos;
    }

    /**
     * Reads the next byte of data from the input stream. The value byte is
     * returned as an <code>int</code> in the range <code>0</code> to
     * <code>255</code>. If no byte is available because the end of the stream
     * has been reached, the value <code>-1</code> is returned. This method
     * blocks until input data is available, the end of the stream is detected,
     * or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     the next byte of data, or <code>-1</code> if the end of the
     *             stream is reached.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public int read() throws IOException {
        long next = pointer + 1;
        long pos = readUntil(next);
        if (pos >= next) {
            cache.seek(pointer++);
            return cache.read();
        } else {
            return -1;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Reads up to <code>len</code> bytes of data from the input stream into
     * an array of bytes.  An attempt is made to read as many as
     * <code>len</code> bytes, but a smaller number may be read, possibly
     * zero. The number of bytes actually read is returned as an integer.
     *
     * <p> This method blocks until input data is available, end of file is
     * detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * <p> If <code>b</code> is <code>null</code>, a
     * <code>NullPointerException</code> is thrown.
     *
     * <p> If <code>off</code> is negative, or <code>len</code> is negative, or
     * <code>off+len</code> is greater than the length of the array
     * <code>b</code>, then an <code>IndexOutOfBoundsException</code> is
     * thrown.
     *
     * <p> If <code>len</code> is zero, then no bytes are read and
     * <code>0</code> is returned; otherwise, there is an attempt to read at
     * least one byte. If no byte is available because the stream is at end of
     * file, the value <code>-1</code> is returned; otherwise, at least one
     * byte is read and stored into <code>b</code>.
     *
     * <p> The first byte read is stored into element <code>b[off]</code>, the
     * next one into <code>b[off+1]</code>, and so on. The number of bytes read
     * is, at most, equal to <code>len</code>. Let <i>k</i> be the number of
     * bytes actually read; these bytes will be stored in elements
     * <code>b[off]</code> through <code>b[off+</code><i>k</i><code>-1]</code>,
     * leaving elements <code>b[off+</code><i>k</i><code>]</code> through
     * <code>b[off+len-1]</code> unaffected.
     *
     * <p> In every case, elements <code>b[0]</code> through
     * <code>b[off]</code> and elements <code>b[off+len]</code> through
     * <code>b[b.length-1]</code> are unaffected.
     *
     * <p> If the first byte cannot be read for any reason other than end of
     * file, then an <code>IOException</code> is thrown. In particular, an
     * <code>IOException</code> is thrown if the input stream has been closed.
     *
     * @param      b     the buffer into which the data is read.
     * @param      off   the start offset in array <code>b</code>
     *                   at which the data is written.
     * @param      len   the maximum number of bytes to read.
     * @return     the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or
     *             <code>-1</code> if there is no more data because the end of
     *             the stream has been reached.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
        if (b == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }
        if ((off < 0) || (len < 0) || (off + len > b.length)) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        }
        if (len == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        long pos = readUntil(pointer + len);

        // len will always fit into an int so this is safe
        len = (int) Math.min((long) len, pos - pointer);
        if (len > 0) {
            cache.seek(pointer);
            cache.readFully(b, off, len);
            pointer += len;
            return len;
        } else {
            return -1;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Closes this stream and releases any system resources
     * associated with the stream.
     *
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public void close() throws IOException {
        super .close();
        cache.close();
        cacheFile.delete();

        // Remove cache file from list of files to delete at VM shutdown.
        if (cleanupThread != null) {
            cleanupThread.removeFile(this .cacheFile);
        }
    }
}

/**
 * A singleton <code>Thread</code> passed to
 * <code>Runtime.addShutdownHook()</code> which removes any still extant
 * files created by <code>File.createTempFile()</code> in the
 * <code>FileCacheSeekableStream</code> constructor.
 */
class TempFileCleanupThread extends Thread {
    /**
     * A <code>Set</code> of temporary <code>File</code>s.
     */
    private HashSet tempFiles = null;

    TempFileCleanupThread() {
        super ();
        setPriority(MIN_PRIORITY);
    }

    /**
     * Deletes all <code>File</code>s in the internal cache.
     */
    public void run() {
        if (tempFiles != null && tempFiles.size() > 0) {
            File[] filesToDelete = (File[])tempFiles.toArray(new File[tempFiles.size()]);
            for (int i = 0; i < filesToDelete.length; i++) {
                try {
                    filesToDelete[i].delete();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Add a file to be deleted at shutdown.
     */
    synchronized void addFile(File file) {
        if (tempFiles == null) {
            tempFiles = new HashSet();
        }
        tempFiles.add(file);
    }

    /**
     * Remove a file to be deleted at shutdown.
     */
    synchronized void removeFile(File file) {
        tempFiles.remove(file);
    }
}